Meta Information
ID:akkermansia-muciniphila
Name:
Schema Version:2.4_uniform_evidence_2026_06_18
Created
2026-05-21T22:30:00Z
Model
phase-a-upgrade-claude-sonnet-4.6
Interactions
Target id:
/dietary/polyphenol-rich-foods
Target name:
Polyphenol-Rich Foods (e.g., Berries, Pomegranate, Green Tea, Dark Chocolate)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Polyphenols from certain plant foods can act as prebiotics that selectively increase the abundance and activity of Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut.
Actionable advice:
It is best taken with a meal or beverage rich in polyphenols like berries, pomegranate, green tea, or cocoa to enhance efficacy.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Exact phrase from label:
PACs selectively increase the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a symbiont known for supporting metabolic and immune health
Label source:
Primary literature: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-64477-w
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/intervention/metformin
Target name:
Metformin
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Metformin has been shown to increase the native population of Akkermansia in the gut; co-administration may amplify the metabolic benefits associated with both interventions.
Actionable advice:
It is best taken at the same time as Metformin to potentially amplify shared metabolic benefits.
Validation status:
validated_via_fda_label
Evidence tier:
tier_a
Evidence basis:
fda_label_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Intervention: Consider the benefits and risks of concomitant use with metformin hydrochloride.
Label source:
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/class/glp-1-receptor-agonists
Target name:
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (e.g., Semaglutide, Tirzepatide)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
GLP-1 agonists improve metabolic health and have been shown to increase the abundance of Akkermansia; co-supplementation may enhance these positive effects on the gut-metabolic axis.
Actionable advice:
Taking Akkermansia alongside GLP-1 medications may provide additive benefits for metabolic health.
Validation status:
validated_via_fda_label
Evidence tier:
tier_a
Evidence basis:
fda_label_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
(5.10)
• For the treatment of noncirrhotic metabolic dysfunction-associated • Pulmonary Aspiration During General Anesthesia or Deep Sedation: Has
steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic been reported in patients receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists undergoing
steatohepatitis (NASH), with moderate to advanced liver fibrosis elective surgeries or procedures.
Label source:
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/class/sglt2-inhibitors
Target name:
SGLT2 Inhibitors (e.g., Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Evidence suggests SGLT2 inhibitors can favorably modulate the gut microbiome, including increasing Akkermansia levels, potentially leading to synergistic metabolic benefits.
Actionable advice:
May be taken together with SGLT2 inhibitors to support shared goals of metabolic health improvement.
Validation status:
validated_via_fda_label
Evidence tier:
tier_a
Evidence basis:
fda_label_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
There have been postmarketing reports of fatal events of ketoacidosis in patients
with type 2 diabetes mellitus using SGLT2 inhibitors, including JARDIANCE.
Label source:
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/class/antibiotics-long-term
Target name:
Antibiotics (Broad-Spectrum)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt the entire gut microbiome, creating an ecosystem where the signaling and supportive effects of supplemental Akkermansia may be significantly blunted.
Actionable advice:
Effectiveness may be reduced during and immediately after a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Our study surprisingly observed that A. muciniphila-mediated post-antibiotic reconstitution of the gut microbiota aggravated the CAC in mice. It might exert its effect by damaging the gut barrier, exacerbating inflammatory responses, disrupting the post-antibiotic recovery of the microbial community, and further influencing the metabolism of BA and SCFAs.
Label source:
PubMed: Frontiers in microbiology (2022)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Here, we found that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota following pretreatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics worsens SD-induced cognitive impairment in mice.
Label source:
PubMed: Gut microbes (2023)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
These therapeutic effects persisted after long-term drug withdrawal and were slightly weakened in the antibiotics-treated obese mice.
Label source:
PubMed: Gut microbes (2021)
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/dietary/high-fat-meal
Target name:
High Saturated Fat Diet
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Diets high in saturated fat are associated with decreased natural abundance of Akkermansia and may promote a gut environment that counteracts the benefits of supplementation.
Actionable advice:
A diet high in saturated and processed fats is best avoided to maximize the benefits of Akkermansia.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Exact phrase from label:
Grape polyphenol-based diet led to decreased ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and significant increase in the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the cecal and fecal microbiota
Label source:
Primary literature: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00850/full
Action type:
avoid
Target id:
/dietary/alcohol-acute
Target name:
Alcohol (Acute Consumption)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Chronic or excessive alcohol intake damages the gut lining and disrupts the microbiome, which can negate the gut-barrier-strengthening effects of Akkermansia.
Actionable advice:
Alcohol consumption is best limited to support a healthy gut environment for Akkermansia to be effective.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Ethanol exposure diminishes intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila abundance in both mice and humans and can be recovered in experimental ALD by oral supplementation
Label source:
Primary literature: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28550049/
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/condition/immunocompromised
Target name:
Severely Immunocompromised State
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Although commercial supplements are typically pasteurized (non-viable), introducing any microbial component or modulator into a severely compromised immune system carries theoretical risks.
Actionable advice:
It is important to consult a physician before use for those who are severely immunocompromised (e.g., post-transplant, on high-dose immunosuppressants).
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
In terms of safety, the supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has not been associated with serious adverse effects among immune-competent individuals, with the exception of the use of probiotics and synbiotics in immunocompromised patients.
Label source:
PubMed: Current obesity reports (2020)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
However, variability in host microbiota composition contributes to inconsistent clinical results and safety concerns remain for vulnerable populations such as immunocompromised patients.
Label source:
PubMed: Journal of the science of food and agriculture (2026)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Overall, there are key issues with strain specificity, dose, safety in immunocompromised individuals, and possible regulatory classification issues.
Label source:
PubMed: Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry (2025)
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/class/chemotherapy-radiation
Target name:
Active Cancer Therapy (Chemotherapy, Radiation)
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Cancer therapies can severely compromise the gut barrier (mucositis) and immune function, making the introduction of any microbiome-modulating agent a potential and unpredictable risk.
Actionable advice:
It should be strictly avoided during active chemotherapy or radiation therapy unless specifically approved by an oncologist.
Validation status:
validated_via_fda_label
Evidence tier:
tier_a
Evidence basis:
fda_label_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
There is an increased risk of thromboembolic events occurring when cytotoxic agents are used in combination with tamoxifen.
Label source:
Action type:
avoid
Target id:
/intervention/inulin
Target name:
Prebiotic Fiber (e.g., Inulin, FOS)
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
While Akkermansia primarily consumes mucin, a gut environment rich in diverse prebiotics supports a healthier overall microbiome that can indirectly benefit Akkermansia populations.
Actionable advice:
Consider taking alongside a prebiotic fiber source to support overall gut microbiome health.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Exact phrase from label:
supplementation with pomegranate extract, resveratrol, polydextrose, yeast fermentate, sodium butyrate, and inulin increased the abundance of A. muciniphila
Label source:
Primary literature: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6683038/
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/class/proton-pump-inhibitors
Target name:
Proton Pump Inhibitors (Long-term use)
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Long-term use of PPIs alters the gut pH and can lead to microbiome dysbiosis, potentially creating a less favorable environment for Akkermansia to exert its effects.
Actionable advice:
Long-term PPI use might slightly reduce the overall ecosystem benefits of Akkermansia supplementation.
Validation status:
validated_via_fda_label
Evidence tier:
tier_a
Evidence basis:
fda_label_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is less commonly reported than CLE in patients receiving PPIs.
Label source:
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/dietary/meal
Target name:
Any Meal
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
requirement
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
While pasteurized Akkermansia is not destroyed by stomach acid, taking it with food can improve tolerance and provides an opportunity to consume synergistic dietary components like polyphenols.
Actionable advice:
For consistency and to leverage dietary synergies, it is best to take with a meal.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
In this single-center study, we demonstrated that daily oral supplementation of 1010 A. muciniphila bacteria either live or pasteurized for three months was safe and well tolerated.
Label source:
PubMed: Nature medicine (2019)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut bacterium that colonizes the gut mucosa, has a role in maintaining gut health and shows promise for potential therapeutic applications.
Label source:
PubMed: Nature reviews. Microbiology (2025)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Recent accumulated evidence has revealed the involvement of mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) in the regulation of host barrier function and immune response, and how reduced intestinal colonisation of probiotic A. muciniphila can contribute to the process and development of inflammatory bowel diseases, suggesting that it may be a potential target and promising strategy for the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease.
Label source:
PubMed: Frontiers in immunology (2022)
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/dietary/hot-foods-beverages
Target name:
Hot Foods or Beverages
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Akkermansia muciniphila is a live micro-organism. High temperatures (above ~43°C / 110°F) kill the live cells, rendering the supplement inactive.
Actionable advice:
Akkermansia muciniphila should never be mixed with hot foods or drinks (coffee, tea, soup); it should be taken with cool or room-temperature liquid or food.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Exact phrase from label:
heating at high temperatures such as those used in blanching, canning, or 'stir-fry' cooking is unthinkable for probiotics because temperatures are above 80°C, which would kill the cells.
Label source:
Primary literature: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3948641/
Action type:
avoid