Meta Information
ID:eleuthero
Name:
Schema Version:2.4_uniform_evidence_2026_06_18
Created
2026-05-21T22:30:00Z
Model
phase-a-upgrade-claude-sonnet-4.6
Interactions
Target id:
/intervention/digoxin
Target name:
Digoxin
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
assay_interference
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Eleuthero can interfere with laboratory tests used to measure digoxin levels, causing falsely elevated readings and potentially leading to incorrect dosing. It may also increase digoxin's effects, raising the risk of toxicity.
Actionable advice:
Eleuthero should be strictly avoided while prescribed digoxin.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The active components of Chan Su, Lu-Shen-Wan, Dan Shen, Asian and Siberian ginseng, oleander containing supplements, and Ashwagandha interfere with digoxin measurements by immunoassays, especially the polyclonal antibody-based immunoassays.
Label source:
PubMed: Herbal supplements and therapeutic drug monitoring: focus on digoxin immunoassays and interactions with St. John's wort. (PMID 18367983)
Action type:
monitor
Target id:
/class/anticoagulants-antiplatelets
Target name:
Anticoagulants and Antiplatelets
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Eleuthero may have antiplatelet properties, which could add to the effects of blood-thinning medications and increase the risk of bleeding or bruising.
Actionable advice:
It is important to talk to a doctor before using Eleuthero while taking any blood-thinning medications.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Administration of Eleutherococcus to albino rats (18-20-month age) per os daily for 30 days activated the anticoagulating system and protected the animals from thrombogeneration induced with i.v. administration of tissue thromboplastine.
Label source:
PubMed: [Effect of Eleutherococcus on the functional status of the anticoagulation system in older animals]. (PMID 3428427)
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/class/antidiabetic-medications
Target name:
Diabetes Medications
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Eleuthero may lower blood sugar levels. Combining it with diabetes medications can increase the risk of hypoglycemia (dangerously low blood sugar).
Actionable advice:
Blood glucose is best monitored closely, and it is important to consult a doctor before combining with diabetes medications.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Of marked antidiabetic properties were root and leaf ginseng tincture (LGT), Echinopanax tincture, extracts of Eleutherococcus, Rhodiola (ER) and Leuzia which decreased the blood level of glucose in a CTT (5 g h of glucose per I kg of the animal body mass) from 17.15 to 11.19, 11.50, 12.72, 11.69, 13.47 mmol/l and increased the alloxan-reduced level of liver glycogen by 50-80% (P less than 0.05).
Label source:
PubMed: [The action of adaptogenic plant preparations in experimental alloxan diabetes]. (PMID 2622892)
Action type:
monitor
Target id:
/class/antihypertensives
Target name:
Antihypertensive Medications
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Eleuthero may affect blood pressure, sometimes raising it, which can interfere with the effectiveness of medications intended to lower blood pressure.
Actionable advice:
Blood pressure should be monitored carefully if combining, and Eleuthero is best avoided in cases of uncontrolled hypertension.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
In this review of the many DSs promoted for the management of hypertension, 4 products with evidence of possible benefits (coenzyme Q10, fish oil, garlic, vitamin C) and 4 that were consistently associated with increasing blood pressure were found (ephedra, Siberian ginseng, bitter orange, licorice).
Label source:
PubMed: Dietary supplements and hypertension: potential benefits and precautions. (PMID 22747620)
Action type:
avoid
Target id:
/class/immunosuppressants
Target name:
Immunosuppressant Medications
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Eleuthero is thought to stimulate the immune system, which may counteract the effects of medications designed to suppress immune activity, such as those used after organ transplants or for autoimmune diseases.
Actionable advice:
Eleuthero is best avoided when taking immunosuppressant medications.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
From these particular immuno-pharmacological effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus we suggest this herbal preparation possesses immuno-modulatory potency, rather than just being immuno-suppressive or -stimulating.
Label source:
PubMed: The synthesis of Rantes, G-CSF, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-13 in human whole-blood cultures is modulated by an extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus L. roots. (PMID 11351368)
Action type:
avoid
Target id:
/condition/autoimmune-disease
Target name:
Autoimmune Diseases
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
By stimulating the immune system, Eleuthero could theoretically worsen symptoms of autoimmune conditions where the immune system is overactive, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
Actionable advice:
It is important to talk to a doctor before using Eleuthero with an autoimmune condition.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Volunteers in the verum group received 10 ml of an ethanolic (vincamine free) eleutherococcus senticosus preparation, 3 times daily for 4 weeks. The most salient feature in the verum group was a drastic increase in the absolute number of immunocompetent cells, with an especially pronounced effect on T lymphocytes, predominantly of the helper/inducer type, but also on cytotoxic and natural killer cells. In addition, a general enhancement of the activation state of T lymphocytes was observed.
Label source:
PubMed: Arzneimittel-Forschung (1987)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
These results suggest that AGE has an immunomodulating activity on human lymphocytes and its properties could be clinically applied in the treatment of several diseases such as autoimmune and allergic diseases.
Label source:
PubMed: Clinical and experimental immunology (1999)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The most significantly affected canonical pathways deregulated by KJ and APE was interferon signaling pathway, indicating the possible effectiveness of KJ and APE in the treatment of severe sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases
Label source:
PubMed: Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology (2015)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by articular cartilage destruction, bone destruction and synovial hyperplasia.
Label source:
PubMed: Experimental and therapeutic medicine (2024)
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/circadian/sleep
Target name:
Going to Sleep
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
6
Hours after target:
0
Description:
As an adaptogen with potential stimulating properties, Eleuthero can interfere with sleep onset and quality if taken too close to bedtime.
Actionable advice:
An Eleuthero dose is best taken in the morning or early afternoon, at least 6 hours before sleep is planned.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The use of these drugs typically generates no side effects, unlike traditional stimulants that possess addiction, tolerance and abuse potential, produce a negative effect on sleep structure, and cause rebound hypersomnolence or 'come down' effects.
Label source:
PubMed: Phytotherapy research : PTR (2005)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Results from the animal experiments showed that CWT can increase the content of inhibitory neurotransmitters 5-HT and GABA in the brain, reduce the synthesis of excitatory escalating transmitters DA and NE, shorten the sleep latency and prolong the sleep duration of insomnia rats.
Label source:
PubMed: Frontiers in pharmacology (2022)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
After intragastric administration of syringin, sleep latency decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, concomitant with increased sleep duration.
Label source:
PubMed: Fundamental & clinical pharmacology (2015)
Action type:
separate
Target id:
/class/cyp2c9-substrates
Target name:
Drugs Metabolized by CYP2C9
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
In laboratory studies, Eleuthero has shown potential to inhibit the CYP2C9 enzyme, which could theoretically increase levels of medications like warfarin or phenytoin, though clinical significance is unclear.
Actionable advice:
This is best used with caution, and it is important to talk to a healthcare professional when taking medications metabolized by CYP2C9.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The results suggested that EB and EE exhibited weak inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2E1, but no effects on CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activity. The IC50 values for EB and EE were calculated to be 193.20 μM and 188.36 μM for CYP2E1, 595.66 μM and 261.82 μM for CYP2C9, respectively.
Label source:
PubMed: BMC complementary and alternative medicine (2014)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
In summary, these studies suggest that the ginsenosides and eleutherosides tested are not likely to inhibit the metabolism of coadministered medications in which the primary route of elimination is via cytochrome P450; the potential of ginsenosides to enhance the catalysis of certain substrates requires further investigation.
Label source:
PubMed: Life sciences (1999)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The concomitant application of Kan Jang and warfarin did not produce significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin, and practically no effect on its pharmacodynamics.
Label source:
PubMed: Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology (2006)
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/class/cyp2e1-substrates
Target name:
Drugs Metabolized by CYP2E1
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Eleuthero may inhibit the CYP2E1 enzyme in the liver, which could alter the metabolism of certain substances like acetaminophen and alcohol. The clinical relevance of this is not well established.
Actionable advice:
Exercise caution when combining with alcohol or high doses of acetaminophen.
Validation status:
validated_via_expert_review
Evidence tier:
tier_c
Evidence basis:
expert_review_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
acetaminophen
Label source:
NIH: Eleuthero CYP metabolism
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/intervention/caffeine
Target name:
Caffeine
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Combining the mild stimulating effects of Eleuthero with caffeine may lead to an additive effect, potentially causing overstimulation, jitteriness, or difficulty sleeping.
Actionable advice:
Total stimulant intake is worth keeping in mind, and reducing caffeine may help when taking Eleuthero.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Acanthopanax senticosus was effective as caffeine for increasing the exhaustion time in treadmill running and for reducing the exercise-induced increase of 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression in the dorsal raphe.
Label source:
PubMed: Journal of ethnopharmacology (2007)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
This prospective literature review provides the results of recent clinical and network pharmacology studies of BHP of Rhodiola rosea L. (Arctic root) with other plants, including Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (ashwagandha), (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (green tea), Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. and Maxim.) Maxim. (eleuthero), Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (schisandra), Leuzea carthamoides (Willd.) DC., caffeine, Cordyceps militaris L., Ginkgo biloba L.(ginkgo), Actaea racemosa L. (black cohosh), Crocus sativus L. (saffron), and L-carnosine.
Label source:
PubMed: Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) (2024)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
This study tested the acute thermogenic effectiveness of a commercially available multi-ingredient product (Shred-Matrix®), containing Green Tea Extract, Yerba Maté, Guarana Seed Extract, Anhydrous caffeine, Saw palmetto, Fo-Ti, Eleuthero root, Cayenne Pepper, and Yohimbine HCI, on fatty acid oxidation (FAO), perception of hunger, mood state and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) at rest and during 30 min of submaximal exercise.
Label source:
PubMed: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2015)
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/class/stimulants
Target name:
Stimulant Medications
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
The stimulating properties of Eleuthero can be additive with prescription stimulants (e.g., for ADHD), potentially increasing the risk of side effects like increased heart rate, anxiety, and insomnia.
Actionable advice:
Prescription stimulants are generally best avoided unless approved and monitored by a doctor.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
This review focuses primarily on the SAS-mediated stimulating effects of single doses of adaptogens derived from Rhodiola rosea, Schizandra chinensis and Eleutherococcus senticosus.
Label source:
PubMed: Phytotherapy research : PTR (2005)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The use of these drugs typically generates no side effects, unlike traditional stimulants that possess addiction, tolerance and abuse potential, produce a negative effect on sleep structure, and cause rebound hypersomnolence or 'come down' effects.
Label source:
PubMed: Phytotherapy research : PTR (2005)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
We demonstrated that adaptogens, e.g. R. rosea, S. chinensis and E. senticosus stimulate both NPY and Hsp70 release from neuroblastoma cells, while tonics and stimulants have no significant effect on NPY in this in vitro test.
Label source:
PubMed: Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology (2013)
Action type:
avoid
Target id:
/dietary/alcohol-acute
Target name:
Alcohol (Acute Consumption)
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Eleuthero's stimulating effects may mask the sedative effects of alcohol, potentially leading to excessive consumption. It may also alter how alcohol is metabolized by the body.
Actionable advice:
Caution may help when consuming alcohol while taking Eleuthero.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
GF-AS significantly increases the activities of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenase, microsomal ethanol metabolizing system, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in rats acutely treated with alcohol, resulting in decreased plasma alcohol levels.
Label source:
PubMed: Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin (2006)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
BAC results showed little difference between placebo and PEA groups, indicating that PEA does not have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of alcohol.
Label source:
PubMed: Die Pharmazie (2015)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES), as a traditional medicinal plant, has significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and central nervous system protective effects, and is widely used as ethnopharmacological agen.
Label source:
PubMed: Frontiers in neuroscience (2025)
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/condition/pregnancy
Target name:
Pregnancy
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
There is insufficient reliable safety data to determine if Eleuthero is safe for use during pregnancy.
Actionable advice:
Eleuthero should not be used at all during pregnancy.
Validation status:
anecdotal
Evidence tier:
tier_d
Evidence basis:
anecdotal_summary
Evidence anchors:
Exact phrase from label:
There isn't enough reliable information to know if eleuthero is safe to use when pregnant or breast-feeding.
Label source:
Anecdotal: WebMD
Action type:
avoid
Target id:
/condition/lactation
Target name:
Breastfeeding (Lactation)
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
It is not known if the components of Eleuthero pass into breast milk or what effects they might have on a nursing infant.
Actionable advice:
Eleuthero should not be used at all while breastfeeding.
Validation status:
anecdotal
Evidence tier:
tier_d
Evidence basis:
anecdotal_summary
Evidence anchors:
Exact phrase from label:
It is not known if eleuthero passes into breast milk.
Label source:
Anecdotal: WebMD
Action type:
avoid