Meta Information
ID:magnesium-glycinate
Name:
Schema Version:2.4_uniform_evidence_2026_06_18
Created
2026-05-21T22:30:00Z
Model
phase-a-upgrade-claude-sonnet-4.6
Interactions
Target id:
/condition/renal-impairment
Target name:
Kidney Disease / Renal Impairment
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
The kidneys are responsible for clearing excess magnesium. In individuals with impaired kidney function, magnesium can accumulate to toxic levels, causing a dangerous condition called hypermagnesemia.
Actionable advice:
Magnesium supplements should not be used by those with kidney disease unless specifically prescribed and monitored by a physician.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Here we detail her clinical course, including the unique challenges of treating eclampsia and PRES in the setting of magnesium toxicity.
Label source:
PubMed: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Eclampsia in the Setting of Magnesium Toxicity: A Case Report. (PMID 37948545)
Action type:
avoid
Target id:
/class/chelating-antibiotics
Target name:
Tetracycline and Quinolone Antibiotics
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
6
Description:
Magnesium binds to tetracycline (e.g., doxycycline) and quinolone (e.g., ciprofloxacin) antibiotics in the gut, forming a non-absorbable complex that severely reduces the antibiotic's effectiveness.
Actionable advice:
Magnesium should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these specific antibiotics.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
magnesium, calcium, and zinc can interfere with the gastrointestinal absorption of tetracycline antibiotics
Label source:
PubMed: International journal of molecular sciences (2019)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
when administered orally, reduced absorption and bioavailability can occur due to chelation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with multivalent metal cations acquired from diet, coadministered compounds (sucralfate, didanosine), or drug formulation.
Label source:
PubMed: Pharmaceutics (2021)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin was markedly reduced in the presence of Mg2+. Concomitant administration of ciprofloxacin with Mg2. containing medicaments should be avoided to prevent resistance.
Label source:
PubMed: Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine (2008)
Action type:
separate
Target id:
/intervention/bisphosphonates
Target name:
Bisphosphonates (for Osteoporosis)
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
2
Description:
Magnesium can bind to bisphosphonate drugs (e.g., alendronate) in the stomach, significantly reducing their absorption and effectiveness in treating bone density loss.
Actionable advice:
Magnesium doses and bisphosphonates should be separated by at least 2 hours.
Validation status:
validated_via_fda_label
Evidence tier:
tier_a
Evidence basis:
fda_label_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Instruct patients to take supplemental calcium and vitamin D if their dietary intake is inadequate; and to take calcium supplements, antacids, magnesium-based supplements or laxatives, and iron preparations at a different time of the day
Label source:
FDA label: Risedronate (Actonel)
Action type:
separate
Target id:
/intervention/levothyroxine
Target name:
Levothyroxine (Thyroid Hormone)
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
4
Hours after target:
4
Description:
Magnesium can interfere with the absorption of thyroid hormone medication in the gut, potentially leading to reduced efficacy and inadequate thyroid control.
Actionable advice:
Magnesium and levothyroxine doses should be separated by at least 4 hours.
Validation status:
validated_via_fda_label
Evidence tier:
tier_a
Evidence basis:
fda_label_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Sucralfate, antacids and Antacids proton pump inhibitors may cause hypochlorhydria, affect (e.g., aluminum & magnesium intragastric pH, and reduce levothyroxine absorption.
Label source:
FDA label: Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Action type:
separate
Target id:
/condition/myasthenia-gravis
Target name:
Myasthenia Gravis
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Magnesium can inhibit the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which can exacerbate muscle weakness in individuals with Myasthenia Gravis.
Actionable advice:
Magnesium supplements should not be used by those with Myasthenia Gravis, except under the direct supervision of a neurologist.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Magnesium is known to act at the neuromuscular junction by inhibiting the presynaptic release of acetylcholine and desensitizing the postsynaptic membrane. Because of these effects, magnesium has been postulated to potentiate neuromuscular weakness.
Label source:
PubMed: Texas Heart Institute journal (2015)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Although paralysis after magnesium administration has been described in patients with known myasthenia gravis, it has not previously been reported to be the initial or only manifestation of the disease. Patients who are unusually sensitive to the neuromuscular effects of magnesium should be suspected of having an underlying disorder of neuromuscular transmission.
Label source:
PubMed: Muscle & nerve (1990)
Action type:
avoid
Target id:
/class/neuromuscular-blockers
Target name:
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (Anesthesia)
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Magnesium can enhance the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents used during surgery, potentially prolonging muscle paralysis and respiratory depression.
Actionable advice:
It is important that the surgeon and anesthesiologist be informed about all supplements, including magnesium, before any procedure.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Exact phrase from label:
The concentration-dependent modulatory effect of magnesium enhances and prolongs the action of non-depolarizing NMBAs.
Label source:
Primary literature: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537168/
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/intervention/digoxin
Target name:
Digoxin
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
requirement
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia) increase the sensitivity of the heart to digoxin, significantly raising the risk of serious side effects and toxicity.
Actionable advice:
Adequate magnesium levels should be maintained through diet or supplementation if taking digoxin, under medical supervision.
Validation status:
validated_via_fda_label
Evidence tier:
tier_a
Evidence basis:
fda_label_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
5.3 Misidentification of Digoxin Toxicity
Some signs and symptoms (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and certain arrhythmias) can equally result from
digoxin toxicity as from congestive heart failure.
Label source:
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/class/antihypertensives
Target name:
Antihypertensive Medications
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Magnesium can relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure, which can add to the effects of antihypertensive medications, potentially causing dizziness or excessive blood pressure drops.
Actionable advice:
Blood pressure should be monitored when starting magnesium while on blood pressure medication, and it is important to talk to a doctor.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Mg supplementation at a median dose of 368 mg/d for a median duration of 3 months significantly reduced systolic BP by 2.00 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.43-3.58) and diastolic BP by 1.78 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.73-2.82); these reductions were accompanied by 0.05 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, 0.03, 0.07) elevation of serum Mg compared with placebo.
Label source:
PubMed: Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) (2016)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
At vascular membranes it can (i) block Ca2+ entry and exit, (ii) lower peripheral and cerebral vascular resistance, (iii) relieve cerebral, coronary, and peripheral vasospasm, and (iv) lower arterial blood pressure.
Label source:
PubMed: Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology (1987)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
There was a decrease in systolic blood pressure (7.5 ± 8.26 mmHg; P < 0.05) for individuals who had a baseline systolic blood pressure of >132 mmHg in the MagD group.
Label source:
PubMed: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) (2022)
Action type:
monitor
Target id:
/class/potassium-sparing-diuretics
Target name:
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone, amiloride) can reduce the amount of magnesium excreted by the kidneys, increasing the risk of high magnesium levels (hypermagnesemia) when taking supplements.
Actionable advice:
Caution is warranted, and it is important to talk to a doctor before supplementing with magnesium while taking a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
K-sparing diuretics are usually administered concomitantly with more potent diuretics to counteract diuretic-induced K depletion. These agents act in the late distal tubule and collecting duct. Evidence has accumulated in recent years indicating that these drugs may also exert some Mg-sparing properties.
Label source:
PubMed: Magnesium (1986)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Amiloride reduced urinary magnesium and potassium, increased plasma magnesium and potassium and also increased lymphocyte magnesium and potassium. The magnesium-sparing actions of amiloride may have important therapeutic implications in that many experimental and clinical studies from our laboratory and from other investigators have shown that magnesium plays an important role in the maintenance and restoration of cellular potassium.
Label source:
PubMed: Magnesium (1984)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
ACEIs and spironolactone can increase serum potassium and magnesium concentrations and lower serum sodium concentrations.
Label source:
PubMed: Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology (2007)
Action type:
monitor
Target id:
/class/proton-pump-inhibitors
Target name:
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
requirement
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can significantly reduce the absorption of dietary and supplemental magnesium, leading to a risk of deficiency (hypomagnesemia).
Actionable advice:
If on long-term PPI therapy, discuss monitoring magnesium levels and the potential need for supplementation with your doctor.
Validation status:
validated_via_fda_label
Evidence tier:
tier_a
Evidence basis:
fda_label_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), including PRILOSEC, are contraindicated in patients receiving rilpivirine-containing products [see Drug Interactions (7)].
Label source:
Action type:
monitor
Target id:
/class/chelating-minerals
Target name:
Other Minerals (Iron, Zinc, Calcium)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
2
Description:
High doses of magnesium can compete with other minerals like iron, zinc, and calcium for absorption in the small intestine, potentially reducing the amount of each that is absorbed.
Actionable advice:
High-dose magnesium and iron, zinc, or calcium supplements should be separated by at least 2 hours.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The anxiolytic-like effect of magnesium (20 mg/kg) was antagonized by flumazenil (10 mg/kg) (benzodiazepine receptor antagonist) while combined treatment with the non-effective doses of magnesium (10 mg/kg) and benzodiazepines (diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) or chlordiazepoxide (2 mg/kg)) produced synergistic interaction (increased time in open arms and number of open arm entries) in this test. The obtained data indicate that benzodiazepine receptors are involved in the anxiolytic-like effects of magnesium.
Label source:
Action type:
separate
Target id:
/intervention/vitamin-d
Target name:
Vitamin D
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Magnesium is an essential cofactor for the metabolism and activation of Vitamin D in the body, and adequate Vitamin D levels are important for magnesium absorption.
Actionable advice:
Adequate intake of both Vitamin D and magnesium is a good idea, as they work together for optimal function.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Magnesium is a cofactor in vitamin D metabolism and activation.
Label source:
PubMed: Combined vitamin D and magnesium supplementation does not influence markers of bone turnover or glycemic control: A randomized controlled clinical trial. (PMID 36640582)
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/class/gabapentinoids
Target name:
Gabapentin
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
2
Description:
Taking magnesium supplements at the same time as gabapentin can reduce the absorption and bioavailability of gabapentin by up to 24%, potentially reducing its efficacy.
Actionable advice:
Gabapentin is best taken at least 2 hours before or 2 hours after a magnesium supplement.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The C(max), T(max) and AUC(0-∞) of gabapentin + MgO were significantly lower than that of gabapentin alone (by 33%, 36% and 43%, respectively) and gabapentin + omeprazole (by 29%, 46% and 40%, respectively).
Label source:
PubMed: Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (2012)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
In the pharmacokinetics of gabapentin, concomitant magnesium oxide reduced the intestinal absorption of gabapentin.
Label source:
PubMed: Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (2015)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Some of the main substances that interact with gabapentin are morphine, caffeine, losartan, ethacrynic acid, phenytoin, mefloquine and magnesium oxide.
Label source:
PubMed: Journal of experimental pharmacology (2017)
Action type:
separate
Target id:
/condition/heart-block
Target name:
Heart Block
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
High levels of magnesium can slow down electrical conduction in the heart, which could potentially worsen conditions like atrioventricular (AV) block.
Actionable advice:
It is important to consult a cardiologist before taking magnesium supplements for those with a known heart conduction disorder.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Exact phrase from label:
In conclusion, magnesium increases tachycardia cycle length and AH interval in patients with dual AVN physiology through a dominant effect on the slow AVN pathway.
Label source:
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/circadian/sleep
Target name:
Preparing for Sleep
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
1
Hours after target:
null
Description:
Magnesium supports calming neurotransmitter function (GABA) and the glycine component is itself an inhibitory neurotransmitter, both of which can promote relaxation and improve sleep quality.
Actionable advice:
Magnesium glycinate is best taken 30-60 minutes before the intended bedtime to support sleep.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Magnesium and calcium modulate neuronal excitability and melatonin synthesis (enhancing GABAergic tone and enzyme activity) to promote slow-wave sleep. Iron and zinc affect the dopaminergic circuits; iron supplementation decreases restless-leg syndrome and sleep fragmentation. Tryptophan and other amino acids stimulate the formation of serotonin/melatonin to reduce sleep latency, and inhibitory amino acids (glycine, GABA) increase central nervous system inhibition to facilitate sleeping.
Label source:
PubMed: Chronobiology international (2026)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The natural N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) antagonist and GABA agonist, Mg(2+), seems to play a key role in the regulation of sleep.
Label source:
PubMed: Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (2012)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The scope of this narrative review is to summarize the available evidence on the potential benefits of selected nutraceuticals in the context of circadian rhythm and sleep disturbances, namely melatonin, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, tart cherry juice, kiwifruit, apigenin, valerian root, L-theanine, glycine, ashwagandha, myoinositol, Rhodiola rosea, and phosphatidylserine.
Label source:
PubMed: Nutrition reviews (2026)
Action type:
separate
Target id:
/class/diuretics
Target name:
Magnesium-Wasting Diuretics (Loop & Thiazide)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
requirement
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Loop (e.g., furosemide) and thiazide (e.g., HCTZ) diuretics increase the excretion of magnesium through the kidneys, which can lead to magnesium deficiency over time.
Actionable advice:
If taking these diuretics long-term, discuss magnesium level monitoring and potential supplementation with your doctor.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The effects of diuretics on renal handling of potassium and magnesium can result in depletion of these electrolytes.
Label source:
PubMed: Diuretics and potassium/magnesium depletion. Directions for treatment. (PMID 3551599)
Action type:
monitor
Target id:
/class/antidiabetic-medications
Target name:
Diabetes Medications
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Magnesium may improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood glucose, potentially enhancing the effects of diabetes medications and increasing the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
Actionable advice:
Blood glucose levels are best monitored closely when starting magnesium if on diabetes medication.
Validation status:
validated_via_fda_label
Evidence tier:
tier_a
Evidence basis:
fda_label_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.
Label source:
Action type:
monitor
Target id:
/class/cns-depressants
Target name:
CNS Depressants (e.g., sedatives, some pain medications)
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Magnesium and glycine can have mild sedative and muscle-relaxant effects, which may be additive with other central nervous system depressants, potentially causing excess drowsiness.
Actionable advice:
Caution may help when combining with other sedating medications or substances, especially before driving.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
The anxiolytic-like effect of magnesium (20 mg/kg) was antagonized by flumazenil (10 mg/kg) (benzodiazepine receptor antagonist) while combined treatment with the non-effective doses of magnesium (10 mg/kg) and benzodiazepines (diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) or chlordiazepoxide (2 mg/kg)) produced synergistic interaction (increased time in open arms and number of open arm entries) in this test. The obtained data indicate that benzodiazepine receptors are involved in the anxiolytic-like effects of magnesium.
Label source:
Action type:
informational_none
Target id:
/dietary/phytate-rich-foods
Target name:
High-Phytate/Oxalate Foods (e.g., spinach, whole grains, legumes)
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
2
Description:
Phytates and oxalates found in certain plant-based foods can bind to magnesium in the gut, forming insoluble complexes that may slightly reduce its absorption.
Actionable advice:
For optimal absorption, magnesium is best taken at least 2 hours away from meals very high in fiber, phytates, or oxalates.
Validation status:
validated_via_pubmed
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
pubmed_abstract_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Dietary factors impairing Mg2+ up-take include high doses of other minerals, partly fermentable fibres (e.g., hemicellulose), non-fermentable fibres (e.g., cellulose, lignin), phytate and oxalate, whereas proteins, medium-chain-triglycerides, and low- or indigestible carbohydrates (e.g., resistant starch, oligosaccharides, inulin, mannitol and lactulose) enhance Mg2+ uptake.
Label source:
PubMed: Current nutrition and food science (2017)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Increased intakes of protein and fructose improve apparent magnesium absorption (magnesium intake minus fecal excretion) in humans, whereas a lowering effect occurs with consumption of cellulose and phytate.
Label source:
PubMed: Progress in food & nutrition science (1992)
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Phytate binds avidly to and can reduce gastrointestinal absorption of the phosphate anion and many macrominerals and trace elements including iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium.
Label source:
PubMed: Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN (2024)
Action type:
separate
Target id:
/dietary/meal
Target name:
Any Meal
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
informational
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
While some foods can slightly reduce absorption, taking magnesium with a meal can improve gastrointestinal tolerance and prevent stomach upset, which is a benefit of the glycinate form.
Actionable advice:
To minimize any potential for stomach upset, take magnesium glycinate with a small meal or snack.
Validation status:
validated_via_primary_literature
Evidence tier:
tier_b
Evidence basis:
primary_literature_verbatim
Evidence anchors:
Source url:
Exact phrase from label:
Net magnesium absorption was measured in normal subjects after they ingested a standard meal supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mEq of magnesium acetate.
Label source:
PubMed: Intestinal absorption of magnesium from food and supplements. (PMID 1864954)
Action type:
informational_none